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Open access policy: -Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) provides instant open access to its information, based on the concept that permitting the public to access research freely encourages a larger international flow of knowledge. Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) publishes all of its articles under the Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits limited reuse of the content as long that accurate assignation is given. Individuals are free to read, save copy, print, search, or hyperlink to the entire text of these articles if the source is appropriately referenced. AJIED policy is following the Budapest Open Access Initiative (https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/boai-10-recommendations). The following criteria characterize open access: -Peer-reviewed literature is accessible without a subscription. - Literature is published in an open-access manner right away. - If a proper citation to the original publication is provided, published articles may be reused without authorization. Copyright and Publication Rights -The authors give the publisher (Zagazig University) all commercial rights while keeping the copyrights. -According to the [Personal Use rights], authors are free to distribute their work as long as it includes the end user license, a DOI link to the version of the record in the journal, the authors' retained intellectual property rights (including research data), and the appropriate designation and gratitude for the published work. Personal use rights: Authors can use their articles, in full or in part, for scholarly, non-commercial purposes such as: • Authors may use this material in their instructional activities, including distribution of printed or electronic copies. • Distribute copies to fellow researchers for their use (but not for profit). • Getting incorporated in an academic paper or project (not for commercial publishing). Authorship of the paper: -Authorship should be restricted to those who contributed significantly to the conception, design, implementation, or analysis of the submitted study. Transparency about the contributions of authors is required. All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (1) The conception and design of the study, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data (2) Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content (3) Final approval of the version to be submitted. All contributions that do not meet the authorship should be acknowledged in the acknowledgment section -It is highly advisable that authors review the author group, corresponding author, and author order before submitting. - Although it can be requested in specific cases, adding or removing authors during the revision process is often not allowed. Authorship changes should be fully clarified. Once a manuscript has been approved, authorship cannot be changed. Compliance with Ethical Standards -Authors should disclose funding sources, any conflicts of interest (financial or non-financial), and source acknowledgment to make sure that established standards of ethical and professional behavior have been adhered to. -When there are any exceptional risks associated with the use of substances, processes, or equipment, or if using human or animal subjects is part of the study, statements of compliance are necessary. -Informed permission and ethics committee approval are necessary for studies involving patients or volunteers, and they should be documented in the paper. Conflict of interest -A conflict of interest exists regarding a particular article when an author, reviewer, or editor involved in the peer review and publication process has affiliations with activities that may improperly affect their judgment, whether or not that judgment is affected. The most significant conflicts of interest are typically thought to be financial ties to the sector, either directly or through close relatives (for instance, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, expert testimony). However, other factors including interpersonal ties, academic rivalry, and intellectual passion can also lead to conflicts. -It should be the authors' responsibility to identify and declare any financial or other conflicts of interest that could skew their work. The document should include an acknowledgment of any funding for the project as well as any additional financial or personal ties to the work. Originality and plagiarism: The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works. -If the authors have used the work and/or words of others this has been appropriately cited or quoted. -To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service. Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) submissions are automatically checked for plagiarism by the editorial system using Crossref Similarity Check (enabled by iThenticate). Additionally, editors have the option to conduct a similarity report at any other point throughout the peer review and publication process. By going to http://www.ithenticate.com/, authors and researchers can also use iThenticate to review their work before submitting it. Multiple, redundant, or concurrent publications: -It is not appropriate to submit the article to more than one journal for review at the same time. In normal circumstances, an author shouldn't submit work to more than one journal that effectively summarizes the same work. -It is acceptable to publish previously in the form of an academic thesis or abstract. Data access and retention: - When submitting a work for editorial review, authors may be asked to submit the raw data. Fundamental errors: -Authors must fix errors as soon as they find a serious mistake in their published piece. -It is requested that the author or authors get in touch with the journal and clarify how the inaccuracy is affecting the article. -The type of inaccuracy will determine how the material should be corrected. This could be a retraction or a correction. (Please refer to our erratum policy described in the author guidelines). Article withdrawal and retraction: The Journal is permitted to address the issue with the author or authors if there is a legitimate fear of misconduct and contacts them using their provided email address. These actions could lead to the Journal taking the following actions, depending on the circumstances: • Depending on the type and seriousness of the violation, the article may be removed from consideration and sent back to the author if it has already been published online. -An erratum/correction may be applied (Please refer to our policy described in the author guidelines) -The article could be given a statement of concern, or in extreme circumstances, it may be retracted. The reason will be given in the published erratum, statement of concern, or retraction note Editors of the Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) follow the ICMJE's Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. (see: https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/about-the-recommendations/purpose-of-the-recommendations.html). Our Editors follow guidelines and best practices published by professional organizations, including Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals from ICMJE (www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf) and Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (https://doaj.org/bestpractice). Our Editors are familiar with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) “Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors” (see: https://publicationethics.org/about/our-organisation). Editors encourage the use of reporting guidelines for all study designs such as the PRISMA for systematic review, the CONSORT statement for randomized, controlled trials and the STROBE statement for observational studies, and CARE for case reports (see Equator network at: https://www.equator-network.org/) Editorial Freedom Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) follows the World Association of Medical Ethics (WAME) (available at: https://wame.org/editorial-independence). Editorial freedom is defined as editors holding full responsibility for editorial decisions on individual manuscripts. Editors base their editorial decisions on the transparency, validity, and quality of all manuscripts, and our Editors are free to express critical but responsible views about all aspects of medicine without fear of forfeit. Our Editors are supported by the Editorial board that assists the Editor with editorial policy. Confidentiality All manuscripts submitted to the Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) are privileged communications. The Journal's Editorial Board, and all editorial and publication staff, are asked to keep all information about a submitted manuscript confidential, sharing it only with those involved in the peer review, and publication processes. Peer review and timeliness Our Editors are responsible for selecting expert reviewers within the topic of each submitted manuscript from the journal database or suggested by JANE or Publons (WOS). Editors are also responsible for ensuring that reviewers' comments are properly assessed and interpreted with declared conflicts of interest. Editors will do this to guarantee that manuscripts are timely processed promptly by the peer review policy. This journal follows a Double-blind peer review of submitted articles. Manuscripts submitted by a journal's editorial team member are independently peer-reviewed and the member will have no role in the peer review process or publication decision for his work. Competing interests All editorial decisions are based on a manuscript's originality, quality, and transparency as well as its applicability to the journal. They commit to preventing conflicts of interest or commercial objectives from influencing such choices. Ethical approval Our Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the following requirements: Research work involving human participants, human material, or human data should be performed following the Declaration of Helsinki (See: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/). Consent that is informed and approved by the ethics committee or IRB: where reporting human experimentation, a paper must: (1) mention that patients' informed consent was acquired where appropriate; and (2) contain a statement endorsed by the relevant ethics body (e.g., Institutional Review Board, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University). Particularly in illustrated material, avoid using patients' names, initials, or hospital numbers. The ARRIVE criteria should be followed in all animal research. ARRIVE guidelines (see: https://arriveguidelines.org/), and should be carried out according to the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986 and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments (see: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/lab_animals/legislation_en.htm). Dealing with possible misconduct Our Editors are responsible for acting if they suspect misconduct in both published and unpublished manuscripts. Editors will reject papers with raised concerns about possible misconduct and will be ethically obliged to pursue alleged cases. Editors will seek a response from authors suspected of misconduct. If they are not satisfied with the response, they will raise their concerns to the relevant employers, institution, or appropriate body. - US National Library of Medicine (NLM): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/101614559 -Directory for open access journals (DOAJ): https://doaj.org/toc/2090-7184?source= Archiving The journal is hosted by the Egyptian Knowledge Bank. Each article is given a specific DOI. Advertising The journal is currently not displaying advertising materials. Revenue resources for the journal are supplied by Zagazig University solely.
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