Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Endoscopic Ultrasound in Rectal Pathology: an Emerging Role1222249310.21608/aeji.2022.222493ENRamy El-HendawyTropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig UniversityJournal Article20220301Rectal EUS is indicated to stage rectal cancer by clarifying depth of invasion, involvement of adjacent structures, and presence of lymph nodes, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the recommended modality unless there is a contraindication<strong>.</strong><br /> EUS is also used to assess for vascular lesions, primarily rectal varices. Anal EUS can be used to clarify the extent of anal sphincter injury. Finally, EUS is used to assess for perianal, perirectal, and pelvic disease in IBD and can be used to follow response to therapy. EUS-guided therapeutics including abdominopelvic fluid collection drainage, fiducial placement, rectal varix treatment, and targeted microbubble drug delivery are available in varying degrees and have been evaluated in retrospective case series <strong>.</strong><br /> In the current issue of Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases (AJIED) Mahran et al, discussed the role of EUS in diagnosis of rectal and perianal lesions. This study is one of few studies that focused on the role of EUS in evaluation of rectal and perirectal lesions and its ability to detect malignancy in such lesions depending on its high resolution imaging, elastography and EUS-FNA with its great benefit in tissue acquisition for histopathological evaluation.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_222493_064bdc57ba1094845dc48f7f626b4b77.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Multiple Anti-microbial Resistance Profile and Molecular Detection of Some Virulence Genes of Listeria Monocytogenes Isolated from Fresh Raw Meat Retailed in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria 31520785210.21608/aeji.2021.87137.1164ENShola EOlaniyanDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, 10003, Kaduna
State, Nigeria.Jacob KwagaDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, 10003, Kaduna
State, Nigeria.Adamu Saleh SaiduDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, PMB, 1069, Maiduguri-600230, Borno
State, Nigeria0000-0003-4356-268XUsama BUsmanDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, PMB, 1013, Zaria, 10003, Kaduna
State, Nigeria.Journal Article20210915<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Pathogenic Listeria species are responsible for foodborne diseases and high mortality and morbidity among immunosuppressed humans .<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2015 to determine the AMR profile and virulence genes associated with <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> from beef sold in Zaria. A total of 240 raw beef samples were collected from beef retailers in Zaria city, Tudun-Wada, Danmagaji, Sabon Gari, Kwangila, and Samaru. The samples were transported to the Veterinary Public Health laboratory, ABU, Zaria, for processing. The isolates were further identified as Listeria species by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion method. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the virulence genes associated with <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>. The data were analysed using SPSS V23.0 and Microsoft Excel version 2019 for Windows 10. Odd ratio and 95% CI were determined. Value of P< 0.05 was considered significant.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Four different <em>Listeria</em> species were recovered from 66/240 (27.5%) meat samples. The <em>Listeria</em> species were <em>L. grayi </em>39(59.1%), <em>L. innocua </em>13 (19.7%), <em>L. monocytogenes </em>8 (12.5) and <em>L. ivanovii </em>6 (9.1).High percentages of Cefixime (87.5%) and Tetracycline (87.5%) susceptibility were found. The <em>L. monocytogenes </em>displayed high rate of resistance to Ampicillin (100%) and gentamicin (87.5%). Isolates from Sabon-gari, Tudun-Wada, and Zaria city had the highest Multiple AMR index (0.73). Two virulence genes were also identified: <em>inlA</em> 1 (12.5%) and<em> iap < /em> 5 (62.5%).<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>This revealed that <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> prevalent in meat samples in Zaria have multiple AMR, and possess virulencegenes .</em>https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_207852_f4e917ec35761f52d521fe86cfa23b1e.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Frequency of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Patients after Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treatment with Direct-Acting Antivirals162320785910.21608/aeji.2021.98381.1183ENAhmed LSharafDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt.0000-0003-0318-0783Elsaid GElbadrawyDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt.Abdellatif MAbdellatifDepartment of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital.Nagla Abd Al MonemDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt.Journal Article20211007<strong>Background and study aim: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 4<sup>th</sup> most common cancer in Egypt and is the 2<sup>nd</sup> leading cause of cancer-related death in both men and women. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of HCC in cirrhotic patients admitted in Al-Ahrar Teaching hospital especially after hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment with new direct-acting antivirals (DAAs).<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study included 107 patients with liver cirrhosis admitted to Al-Ahrar Teaching hospital. All <strong></strong>patients undergo complete blood count, liver functions, kidney functions, coagulation profiles, <strong></strong>serology for viral hepatitis, serum alpha-fetoprotein, abdominal ultrasound, and tri-phasic computed <strong></strong>tomography.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>HCC was diagnosed in about 9 % of cirrhotic patients in this study. The etiology of cirrhosis was <strong></strong>HCV (66.4 %), non-viral causes (23.3 %), and HBV (9.3 %). There was no statistically significant <strong></strong>difference between HCC and non-HCC patients as regard viral markers and HCV treatment. <strong></strong>According to Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer staging, 80 % of patients among HCC group was <strong></strong>stage D while 20 % of patients were Stage A - C<strong></strong>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>HCC is prevalent in cirrhotic patient admitted in Al-Ahrar Teaching Hospital. HCV treatment with <strong></strong>DAAs does not raise the risk of HCC occurrence in cirrhotic HCV patients<strong></strong>.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_207859_bf9a895918bd21a4deedca6aafce079c.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Vitamin D3: Emerging Role in Murine Toxoplasmosis 243320907410.21608/aeji.2021.96146.1180ENEnas ElbahaieDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Zagazig, Egypt..0000-0002-3439-9369Asmaa YousefDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Zagazig, Egypt..Marwa OmarDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University,
Zagazig, Egypt..0000-0002-5645-1543Journal Article20210925<strong>Background and aim of the study:</strong> Toxoplasmosis is one of the neglected infections which has a global distribution. Effective treatment against toxoplasmosis is hard to accomplish. Accordingly, we tried to investigate the effect of using vitamin D<sub>3</sub> alone and in combination with nitazoxanide in <em>Toxoplasma gondii </em>infected mice.<br /> <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on 100 Swiss albino mice which were infected with the avirulent (ME49)<em> Toxoplasma gondii </em>strain. Mice were equally divided into 5 groups: (GI): Infected untreated control group; (GII): Infected and treated by spiramycin; (GIII): Infected and treated by vitamin D<sub>3</sub>; (GIV): Infected and treated by nitazoxanide and (GV): Infected and received a (vitamin D<sub>3 </sub>–nitazoxanide) combination. The therapeutic impacts of drugs were assessed using; parasitological, histopathological and immunological approaches.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that the vitamin D<sub>3</sub>- nitazoxanide combination induced a significant reduction in the parasitic load in the brain sections of the infected mice. We have also reported a delicate balance in the overall immune response against the parasite after using the drug combination. It was noted thatvitamin D<sub>3, </sub>used alone, did not significantly reduce the parasitic load despite the notable improvement in the degree of inflammatory infiltration.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study revealed that the vitamin D<sub>3</sub>–nitazoxanide combination was highly potent in restricting the parasitic load. It controlled the infection without the harmful immunopathological impacts. Thus, vitamin D<sub>3 </sub>could be a valuable candidate, either as a sole agent or as an adjunct to other anti-parasitic therapies, in areas where toxoplasmosis is endemic.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_209074_2d78dca43136cd8ae2ea0a6d18ed5b28.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Infections: Unsuitable Empirical Therapy 344121226610.21608/aeji.2021.101465.1192ENNabila Hassan AhmedDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt.0000-0002-9953-5034Marwa ShabanaDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt Soha AElhawariDepartment of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig,
Egypt.Journal Article20211024<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Infection in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis is a leading cause of mortality in developing countries such as Egypt; this has paralleled the increase in antibiotics resistance. Knowledge of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns is critical to decreasing morbidity, hospitalization cost and mortality associated with these infections. Our aim was to evaluate the bacterial resistance profile in ICU admitted patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> This study included 1339 samples from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit - department of Tropical medicine, Zagazig University hospitals, Egypt, between August 2018 and August 2019. Demographical, clinical, microbiological and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1339 total samples collected, 237 positive cultures were obtained; the majority <em></em>(60.4%) had urinary tract infection, 18.1% had sepsis, 9.3% had chest infection, 8.4% had <em></em>spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), 3.8% had other infections. <em></em>One hundred and ninety-nine (199) of the 237 isolates were multi drug resistant (MDR). <em></em>Among them 72.4% were gram negative organisms (GNO); Extended Spectrum Beta <em></em>Lactamase (ESBL) Ecoli and Klebsiella Sp. were 32.2%, and 83.3% of acinetobacter were <em></em>MDR. <em></em>GNO represent 70.9% and Gram positive organisms (GPO) 29.1% of isolated bacteria, <em></em>GPO were 27.6% of total MDR organisms, mostly Staphlycoccus haemolyticus followed <em></em>by enterococcus fecalis and fecium. All isolated staphylococcus aureus are methicillin <em></em>resistant and 25% of them are MDR<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and suspected infection, high frequency of multidrug resistance was recorded. Gram negative bacteria showed high resistance to 3rd generation cephalosporins and quinolones.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_212266_fa5a0ad88fa37dbdd6088df99fb26916.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Impact of Sustained Virological Response on Metabolic Changes and Vitamin-D Status in Patients with Hepatitis C Viral Infection Treated by Direct Acting Antiviral drugs424821274810.21608/aeji.2021.99908.1187ENZainab GMahranDepartment of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Assuit, Egypt.Laila AMohammedDepartment of Gastroenterology and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Assuit, Egypt.Mohammed HAbdelgawadDepartment of Gastroenterology, Assuit Police Hospital, Assuit, Egypt Ghada AMohamedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit,
Egypt.Journal Article20211030<strong>Background and aim:</strong> Hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance is linked to better glycometabolic management in such individuals. The introduction of direct acting analogues (DAAs) in the previous decade has resulted in a significant improvement in the management of chronic hepatitis C infection. Until date, there has been a scarcity of research on the effects of these drugs on vitamin D (VD), lipid profile, and insulin resistance (IR).<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> In between April 2019 to February 2020, a cross sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with known chronic hepatitis infection and was eligible to therapy with DAAs. Lipid profile, vitamin D and insulin resistance was assessed at baseline and 3-months after therapy.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Ninety percent of enrolled patients achieved sustained viral response (SVR). There were no significant changes in lipid <em></em>profile after therapy with DAAs but at the same time IR was significantly decreased while VD was significantly increased.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therapy with DAAs is effective in achievement of SVR and also, it could have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and vitamin D. Long term prospective studies on large scale are needed.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_212748_da56bf27ae201f893c17839d055c0266.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Does Atorvastatin has Adding Effect to Propranolol in Control of Portal Hemodynamics in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis495621331610.21608/aeji.2021.94017.1176ENMohammed Hussien AhmedDepartment of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.0000-0003-1761-3527Mona TalaatDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University,Kafrelsheikh,
Egypt.Hebat Allah Abdel Maksoud AhmedDepartment of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University,
Kafrelsheikh, Eygpt.
Public health DepartmentAya MMahrosDepartment of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.Journal Article20210911<strong>Background and study aim:</strong> Portal hypertension is abnormal increase in portal pressure. Vasoreactivity, vascular remodeling, and hepatic fibrosis contribute to increased intrahepatic resistance. β blockers decrease cardiac output and mediate splanchnic vasoconstriction. Statins have antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to assess portal vein pressure using Doppler ultrasound in cirrhotic patients before and after atorvastatin administration.<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 58 patients Randomized controlled study was done at the hepatology gastroenterology and infectious diseases department of Kafrelsheikh University Hospital on 40 cirrhotic patients who were randomly assigned to either: <strong>Group A</strong>: included 20 cirrhotic patients who were administered 20 mg of atorvastatin and 40 mg of propranolol daily for two months (n=20) or <strong>Group B</strong>: patients who received 40 mg of propranolol alone daily for two months (n=20). Clinical and laboratory evaluation, abdominal Doppler ultrasound and upper endoscopy was done at the start and after two months.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference in portal vein diameter before and after treatment (P-<em></em>value = .039). Portal vein velocity, portal vein flow volume, hepatic artery resistance <em></em>index, and hepatic artery pulsatility index showed significant difference between both <em></em>groups. There was a significant difference in endoscopic grading before and after <em></em>treatment (P value = .000)<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>For lowering portal hypertension, atorvastatin and propranolol is more effective than propranolol alone .https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_213316_246627a2e4b2a32ae972c2999fbf77c0.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301The Effect of a Hypocaloric Diet Containing Olive Oil on Hepatic Steatosis Grading Using Tissue Elastography: A Randomized Controlled Trial576521371210.21608/aeji.2021.92545.1174ENWafaa KeshkDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Mahalla Fever Hospital,
Elmahalla Elkopra, Egypt.Dina ZiadaDepartment Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta , Egypt Samah SolimanDepartment Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta , Egypt Ferial EL-KallaDepartment Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta , Egypt Journal Article20211016<strong>Background and aim:</strong> The amount and type of dietary fat can affect fatty infiltration and lipid peroxidation in MAFLD. The beneficial effects of the olive oil, which is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs), on the hepatic fat content can be explained by the more rapid oxidization of the MUFAs than the saturated fatty acids in the postprandial phase. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a hypocaloric diet containing olive oil on hepatic steatosis grading using tissue elastography controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on 58 patients with hepatic steatosis who were divided into Group 1: 30 patients on a hypocaloric diet that includes olive oil and group 2: 28 patients on a hypocaloric diet that does not include olive oil.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Six months after the patients started a hypocaloric diet containing olive oil, there was a <em></em>significant decrease in hepatic steatosis grading by CAP, as well as a significant decrease in <em></em>serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>A hypocaloric diet containing olive oil has an important role in treatment of hepatic steatosis as shown by decrease of the grading by tissue elastography (CAP).https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_213712_5f5a78dea4a2a6bcf474c3e68b895c44.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Cardiac Involvement in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)667421449510.21608/aeji.2021.94415.1179ENAhlam TZareaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptHanan MAhmedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptLobna AAhmedDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptJournal Article20210911<strong>Background and study aims:</strong> Acid regurgitation and/or heartburn are symptoms of Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD), which is the most frequent gastrointestinal diagnosis. Non-cardiac chest pain is well documented to be linked to gastroesophageal reflux illness. We aimed to assess the link between GERD and cardiac arrhythmia.<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> A total of 50 GERD patients were chosen from the Gastroenterology Unit of the Internal Medicine Department at Assiut university hospitals for this cross-sectional study. Patients had their medical histories taken, physical examinations performed, biochemical tests performed, and a full heart examination performed.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>The SDDN (R-R interval) was determined to be 100.1±18.8 on average. Patients with S-T <em></em>depression made up half of the sample, with an average S-T depression score of 0.92±0.20. <em></em>Furthermore, around two-thirds of the individuals developed arrhythmia. There was a favorable <em></em>connection between the occurrence of GERD and cardiac arrhythmia when all correlates were <em></em>adjusted. The intercept (constant) in the final model after controlling for all correlates was 15.81, <em></em>and four correlates, positive diabetes history, smokers, and patients with S-T segment <em></em>depression/arrhythmia, were found as independent predictors of reflux episode number<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of GERD enhanced the likelihood of cardiac arrhythmia, according to this study. There was a link between having GERD and having cardiac arrhythmia .https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_214495_62b2a513a77f893f8a127ed106a72965.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Role of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Diagnosis of Rectal and Perirectal Lesions758421641710.21608/aeji.2022.107763.1193ENZainab GMahranDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Assiut, Egypt.Sherif IKamelDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Assiut, Egypt.Hussein HOkashaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kasr Al-Aini School
of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.Ahmed MAshmawyGastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of
Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.0000-0002-6310-6246Mohammed Ezz-EldinDepartment of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut
University, Assiut, Egypt.0000-0002-8444-8851Journal Article20211124<strong>Background and study Aim:</strong> Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) demarcates several layers of the gastrointestinal wall, with little reports about its use as a diagnostic modality for rectal and perirectal lesions. So, we aimed to evaluate its role in diagnosis of rectal and perirectal lesions.<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> During the period between 2017 and 2019, a cross-sectional study was done. Seventy adult patients included in the study who had rectal and/or perirectal lesions. All the 70 patients had rectal EUS. Out of the 70 patients, EUS-FNA was performed for 26 patients where it was possible and the wall was thick enough to allow for sampling (>7mm).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Mean age of the study population was 51.91 ± 9.90 years, with a range of age <em></em>between 26 and 69 years. There was a perfect agreement (Kappa Agreement = 1) <em></em>with statistically significant difference between EUS diagnosis, EUS-FNA <em></em>diagnosis and final diagnosis. There was a perfect agreement (Kappa Agreement = <em></em>0.97) with statistically significant difference between presumptive diagnosis and <em></em>final diagnosis. Our study showed a relationship between EUS elastography and <em></em>the final diagnosis of the lesions where soft pattern corresponded to most of the <em></em>benign cases (67.60%) and firm pattern corresponded to most of the malignant <em></em>cases (78.70%)<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>EUS is a useful diagnostic tool for rectal and perirectal lesions .https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_216417_277516e34c47bfac2086cae8dbaed496.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Predictors of COVID-19 Positivity in Ndokwa-West District in Nigeria. A retrospective Cohort Study859121641910.21608/aeji.2022.102216.1190ENAgofure OtovweDepartment of Public and Community Health, Novena University Ogume, Delta State
Nigeria.0000-0001-7531-4416Akanigha TRoliDepartment of Public and Community Health, Novena University Ogume, Delta State
Nigeria.Ogbolu CNnekaDepartment of Public and Community Health, Novena University Ogume, Delta State
Nigeria.Okandeji-Barry ROghenenioborueDepartment of Health Care, Waltham International College, United KingdomChimsunum JohnDisease Surveillance and Notification office, Ndokwa-West Local Government
Area of Delta State, NigeriaJournal Article20211021<strong>Background and study aim:</strong>Despite the increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality associated with Covid-19, there is paucity of data locally assessing independent factors such as demographic and clinical data predicting Covid-19 positivity. This study was designed to investigate the likely predictors of Covid-19 positivity in Ndokwa-West Local Government Area of Delta State Nigeria.<br /> <strong>Patients and method:</strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 1133 individuals who undertook the RT-PCR Covid-19 test from April 2020 to August 2021 in Ndokwa-West Local Government Area of Delta State Nigeria. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors that are associated with Covid-19 positivity.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong>A total of 1133 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 67 confirmed cases. Socio-demographic <em></em>variables independently predicting Covid-19 positivity were age (OR=188.0 95% CI=17.011-<em></em>2077.717), male sex (OR=1.623 95% CI=0.950-2.775), traveling in the last 14 days prior to the <em></em>Covid-19 test (OR=1.761 95% CI=1.003-3.092) and the following presenting symptoms: cough <em></em>(OR=1.229 95% CI=0.865-2.706), shortness of breath (OR=23.202 95% CI=8.821-61.030), <em></em>vomiting (OR=2.211 95% CI=1.077-4.540), and nausea (OR=10.130 95% CI=5.943-17.267). <em></em>Others were co-morbidity (OR=2.048 95% CI=1.103-3.802), and other severe life threatening <em></em>illnesses (OR=1.994 95% CI=1.187-3.348)<em></em>.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlighted the independent predictors of Covid-19 positivity, which was similar to the national level. This finding should guide health workers and policymakers at the local and national levels in implementing best Covid-19 testing and care practices.https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_216419_3d2b7b7a8f60af970d81c8cabf7dcfe1.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Non-invasive Evaluation of Liver Fibrosis Changes in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C after Directly Acting Antiviral Drugs929821932210.21608/aeji.2022.108490.1194ENTaha MHassaninDepartment of Endemic Medicine and Gastroenterology, Minia University.Hala IbraheemDepartment of Endemic Medicine and Gastroenterology, Minia University.Madeha MakhloufDepartment of Endemic Medicine and Gastroenterology, Minia University.Waleed MahmoudDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.Nadia El-AmeenDepartment of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University.Enas KamalDepartment of Endemic Medicine and Gastroenterology, Minia University.0000-0003-4872-7957Journal Article20211129<strong>Background and study aims:</strong> Liver biopsy is the standard method to assess hepatic fibrosis, but it is unpractical as it is invasive and not agreed by most patients. So, many non-invasive methods for evaluating liver fibrosis have been used including fibrosis-4 (Fib-4) score. We aimed to evaluate hepatic fibrosis changes in patients with chronic hepatitis C after directly acting antiviral therapy.<br /> <strong>Patients and Methods:</strong> 162 chronic hepatitis C patients were given directly acting anti-viral drugs (DAAs): sofosbuvir (400 mg/d) plus daclatasvir (60 mg/d), with or without Ribavirin (600 mg/d) for 12 weeks. Liver fibrosis was assessed before and 48 weeks after end of treatment (EOT) through evaluation of: 1- Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), 2- Liver fibrosis score (Fib-4 score), 3- Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using Shear Wave Elastography (SWE).<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>sustained virological response was achieved in 95.1% of cases at 48 weeks after EOT. Liver <em></em>fibrosis was improved at 48 weeks after EOT as evidenced by significant decline in serum level of <em></em>TIMP-1, significant improvement in Fib-4 score, and significant decline in LSM values using <em></em>SWE. Multivariate regression analysis showed that higher baseline ALT level and higher <em></em>baseline liver fibrosis score were predictive of liver stiffness.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong>DAAs therapy showed not only high success rate in HCV eradication (95.1%), <em></em>but also lead to significant improvement in liver fibrosis<em></em> .https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_219322_9757a60ca387ff59f45498344d51e4f7.pdfZagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine DepartmentAfro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases2090-761312120220301Hyperbilirubinemia 73 mg/dl after Acute Suppurative Cholangitis is not always Fatal, a Case Report9910222194910.21608/aeji.2022.119709.1201ENAya MMahrosDepartment of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.Amr Abdel ShafyDepartment of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University,
Kafrelsheikh, EgyptMohamed HEmaraDepartment of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of
Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.0000-0002-1504-7851Journal Article20220203Obstructive jaundice is a common health problem with various complications including liver dysfunction as well as systemic complications. Proper treatment of the underlying etiology should be the primary goal in management. However, different therapeutic approaches have been tried in lowering the bilirubin serum levels when treatment of the underlying cause is not feasible or unsatisfactory. These approaches include extracorporeal liver support (e.g. molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), plasma exchange, and charcoal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of marked hyperbilirubinemia that was successfully managed with combined ERCP and plasma ultrafiltration . This is a case of acute suppurative cholangitis following cholethlisiasis treated by combined biliary drainage with ERCP and ultrafiltration and although this exceptional high serum bilirubin and impaired renal function, the patient recovered..https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_221949_5912c65c8f7767d540ce060fb62bb5a4.pdf