@article { author = {El Khashab, Mohammad and Emam, Mohammad and Assad, Marian and Abd Elraziq, Ahmed}, title = {Study the Role of Prometheus Index in Prediction of Response to Treatment in Hepatitis C Patients of Genotype 4}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {207-217}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17841}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Because of pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN)/ribavirin therapy is poorly tolerated and rates of response are lower in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients of genotype 4, the recognition of predictors of response is a high priority in this population. We aimed to use a baseline noninvasive index to predict early virological response (EVR) to Peg-IFN/ribavirin in HCV-infected individuals, the score included 4 variables: 2 host-related variables (IL28B SNP rs12979860 and liver stiffness) and 2 HCV-related variables (genotype and viral load). Patients and Methods: 96 treatment-naive HCV-infected patients receiving Peg-IFN/ribavirin were analysed and predictive model was used. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves (95% CI), sensitivity and specificity, as well as negative and positive predictive values, were calculated. Only individuals who had completed a course of Peg-IFN-RBV therapy were considered. Results: EVR was achieved in (60.4 %) of patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.849 (0.762-0.914). Using three cut-off values, maximum specificity and sensitivity were 81.5% and 77.5%, respectively, with a negative predictive value for EVR of 80% and a positive predictive value of 83.6%. Seventeen individuals were misclassified using optimal cut-off values. Conclusion: The probability of achieving EVR with Peg-IFN-RBV therapy in HCV-infected patients can be reliably estimated prior to initiation of therapy using Prometheus index that includes 4 noninvasive parameters. Prometheus index represents a reliable and easily applicable tool to individually evaluate the probability of achieving an EVR to Peg-IFN/ribavirin among HCV-infected patients.}, keywords = {interferon-α,Ribavirin,Interleukin 28B,viruses,HCV genotype,HCV viral load}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17841.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17841_c07eac5174f46f21ce4df290f90d8a14.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Hosam and Asaad, Nancy and Seleem, Hosam Eldin and Nouh, Israa}, title = {Study of H. Pylori Infection in Patients with Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {218-225}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17842}, abstract = {Background and study aim: The association between H. pylori infection and cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus has been documented in different parts of the world. Eradication treatment may prove beneficial in those patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the present study was to study H. pylori infection in patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on Session [CurrentTestPartID] patients; 45 patients with portal hypertensive gastropathy (Group A). In addition to 15 patients with chronic gastritis without portal hypertension (Group B). All patients were subjected to full history tacking and complete physical examination. Routine laboratory investigation including, CBC, PT, PC, INR, SGOT, SGPT, S. Albumin, S. Bilirubin. Radiological examination including abdominal ultrasound, and Doppler study for Portal vein. Upper GIT endoscopy, and biopsies from the antrum. Histopathological examination of the biopsies for assessment of congestive gastropathy and H. pylori infestation if present. Results: This study demonstrated that the Session [CurrentTestPartID]% of patients of group A and 66% of patients of group B have H. pylori infection. There was no predilection for H. pylori infections in patients with PHG than those in patients with gastritis. In group A, 53% of patients with varices had H. pylori infection while 47% did not have H. pylori infection. Also, 76% of the non H. pylori patients had esophageal varices while Session [UserIDID]% of patients with non H. pylori subgroup had no varices. Additionally, patients of group A with mild PHG and H pylori constituted 26.5%, those with moderate PHG and H pylori constituted 47% while patients with severe PHG and H pylori constituted 26.5%. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that there is no predilection concerning the presence of H pylori infection in patients with PHG and there is no relation between the degree of PHG and the presence of H pylori infection.}, keywords = {Portal Hypertensive Gastropathy,H pylori}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17842.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17842_1cfeb52d683f77e0b58789c5f050a82a.pdf} } @article { author = {Gad, Magdy and EL-Shewi, Mohammad and Sabry, Jehan and Zawawy, Abdelmonem}, title = {Role of Calprotectin in Diagnosis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {226-234}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17843}, abstract = {Background and study aim: The most common infection in decompensated hepatic patients with cirrhotic ascites  is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), which occurs in the absence of an evident intra-abdominal source of infection. The aim of this work is to assess the value of calprotectin in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: In this cross section study, 80 cirrhotic patients were divided into (group A) 40 patients with non SBP and (group B) 40 patients with SBP, who attended the Hepatology Department Benha University Hospital. All the patients were evaluated by thorough history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, ultrasonongraphy, diagnostic paracentesis with PMNLs count and Calprotectin which was measured in 1 mL ascetic fluid by ELIZA. Results: Calprotectin was high in SBP group with a highly statistical significant difference in SBP group compared to non SBP group so it can serve as a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for detection of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites. The sensitivity of the test was 90% with specificity of 62.5%, PPV of 70.5% and NPV of 86.5% with the cut-off level were 2.98 ng /ml and the area under the curve was 0.88. Conclusion: Ascitic calprotectin reliably predicts PMN count >250/μL, which may prove useful in the diagnosis of SBP, especially with a readily available bedside testing device.}, keywords = {Calprotectin,ascites,Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17843.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17843_0799fb279b061da9c5103d314e399cec.pdf} } @article { author = {Nouh, Mohammed and El Sebaey, Hatem and Shehab El-Deen, Somaia and Allam, Sherif}, title = {Study of Fibro Q Index as a Non invasive Method to Predict Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {235-245}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17844}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Monitoring of liver fibrosis progression is important in patients with chronic hepatitis C .The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of FibroQ for predicting fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C compared with other noninvasive tests. Patients and methods: This study included 90 naïve patients with chronic hepatitis C who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy before treat­ment and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. FibroQ, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/ala­nine amino-transferase ratio (AAR), AST to platelet ratio index, cirrhosis discriminates score, age-platelet index (API), Pohl score, FIB-4 index, and Lok’s model were calculated and compared. Results: FibroQ, FIB-4, AAR, API and Lok's model results increased significantly as fibrosis advanced .FibroQ trended to be superior in predicting significant fibrosis score in chronic hepatitis C compared with other noninvasive tests. Conclusion: FibroQ is a simple and useful test for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.}, keywords = {Liver fibrosis,FibroQ,FIB-4 index,Lok’s model,Cirrhosis discriminant score,Pohl score}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17844.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17844_c3e27fe6c64034b45108b45a556fe4ea.pdf} } @article { author = {Elkady, Mostafa and Omar, Maha and Elbehisy, Mona and Mohamed, Mohamed}, title = {Interplay Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Hepatitis C Egyptian Patients Interplay Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chronic Hepatitis C Egyptian Patients}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {246-254}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17845}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Hepatitis C is a disease with significant global impact, it is the most common cause of chronic liver diseases, and in addition it causes insulin resistance (IR) leading to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This current study aimed to assess the relationship between serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 DM in patients HCV. Patients and Methods: The study cohort consisted of 91 subjects stratified into 4 groups; Group (I): Included 25 HCV patients without DM, Group (II): Included 25 HCV diabetic patients, Group (III): Included 25 diabetic patients without HCV infectionand group (IV): Included 16 healthy subjects serving as a control group. All patients were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination and estimation of body mass index (BMI). Anti-HCV Ab was detected by the 3rd generation (ELISA) testand was confirmed by PCR. Assessment of fasting plasma insulin level (FBI) and TNF-α were done by ELISA test, while assessment of the insulin resistance was estimated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). Results: Higher mean levels of FBS, 2 hr (2HPP) and fasting plasma insulin (FSI) were detected in group II (HCV+DM) compared to other groups with statistically significant differences between all the studied groups (P value <0.001), consequently HCV diabetic patients were found to have significant higher IR than HCV patients without DM, diabetic patients alone and control group (P value <0.001). Furthermore, there was highly statistically significant differences between all studied groups as regard level of TNF-α (P value <0.001) with higher mean level in group I (HCV group). Insignificant difference in level of TNF-α in HCV patients with or without IR (P value =0.072). Insignificant positive correlation between HOMA-IR and TNF-α (P value = 0.63). Conclusion: Chronic HCV patients have significantly elevated fasting plasma insulin level, TNF-α and significant IR and there was insignificant correlation between HOMA-IR and TNF-α.}, keywords = {TNF-α,Insulin Resistance,DM,HCV}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17845.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17845_51a2a54e3f9118cf612c3e0394f6785d.pdf} } @article { author = {Sahu, Llalli and Dash, Muktikesh and Paty, Bimoch and Purohit, Gopal and Chayan, Nirupama}, title = {Enterococcal Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Eastern India}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {255-264}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17846}, abstract = {Background and study aim: During last two decades, there has been a world-wide trend in increasing occurrence of entero-coccal infections in the hospitals. The aim of present study was to determine the spectrum of enterococcal infections, speciesprevalence, antimicrobial resistance and characteristics of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in a tertiary care hospital, Eastern India.   Patients and Methods: Between January 2013 and July 2014, 152 Enterococcus species were obtained from clinical samples. Enterococci were identified using standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.VRE agar base was used to screen VRE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of VRE isolates were determined using Epsilometer-test. VRE isolates were also examined by PCR to detect vanA gene. Results: From 1602 clinical samples, 961 (60%) were culture positive and 152(15.8%) enterococcal isolates were obtained. Most common species isolated was E. faecalis (63.8%) followed by E. faecium (35.5%). Majority of enterococcal infections were detected from ICUs and surgical wards and clinically presented as UTIs. Disk diffusion method showed 67.1% were resistant to penicillin, 61.2% ampicillin, 58.5% ciprofloxacin, 46.7% high-level gentamicin, 42. 8% high-level streptomycin, 7.9% teicoplanin and none to linezolid. Twenty (13.2%) enterococcal isolates were vancomycin resistant in VRE screen and disk diffusion method. Epsilometer-test of VRE isolates showed 8 (40%) isolates were resistant and 9 (45%) were intermediately resistant. From 20 VRE isolates, six showed VanA and two VanB phenotypes and all six VanA phenotypes had vanA gene cluster. Conclusion: More accurate and reliable MIC determination tests should be performedin all suspected VRE isolates. Confirmatory PCR is required for identifying resistant gene cluster.}, keywords = {enterococci,E. faecalis,E. faecium,VRE,vanA gene}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17846.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17846_c591cbdfb08379fb74407d1fcbce3a15.pdf} } @article { author = {Elhawari, Soha and Mourad, Mohamed}, title = {Validity of TUBEX Test versus Widal Test in Detection of Typhoid Fever in Zagazig, Egypt}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {265-270}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17847}, abstract = {Background and study aim: Typhoid fever is consideredan endemic disease in Egypt. Widal test has been used for many years for diagnosing typhoid fever in the developing countries but it has serious doubts regarding its validity. TUBEX test is a simple rapid serodiagnostic test which has the advantages of Widal test without its controversy andit specifically detects the antibodies against S. typhi O9 lipopoly-saccharide antigen.The aim of this study is to estimate the validity of TUBEX test, its sensitivity and specificity, as compared to Widal test. Patients and methods: The study included 123 patients who presented with fever (≥3 days duration and temperature ≥38°C). Stool culture, Widal test, and TUBEX test were performed in all patients. TUBEX and Widal tests were compared as regard sensitivity and specificity in detection of typhoid fever using stool culture as a reference test. Results: 40 out of 123 febrile patients had positive stool culture and considered tohave typhoid fever. Among them, Widal test was positive in 34 patients, giving a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 77.3% and negative predictive value of 92.4% while TUBEX test was positive in 38 patients with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 95%, 90.4%, 82.6% and 97.4% respectively. Both tests showed a high statistically significant agreement with stool culture. Conclusion: TUBEX test shows higher sensitivity and specificity than Widal test.It is a simple test that gives rapid diagnosis for typhoid fever and can be useful in areas where facilities for culture are not available.}, keywords = {TUBEX,Widal test,Typhoid Fever}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17847.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17847_fe08feab7fc03c507a8d1df57465ea6d.pdf} } @article { author = {Mostafa, Adel and El-Shewi, Mohammed and Abd El-Raouf, Hatem and Elagawy, Waleed and El-Rashidy, Mohammed and Shouman, Hala}, title = {Correlation between HBsAg Quantitation Assay, Histopathology and Viral - DNA Level in Chronic HBV Patients}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {271-280}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17848}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Hepatitis B is a serious and common infectious disease of the liver, affecting millions of peoplethroughout the world. In this regard, Egypt has an intermediate HBV seroprevalence. Quantitation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by automated chemiluminescent micro-particle immunoassay has been proposed to be a surrogate marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between HBsAg quantitation assay, histo-pathology and viral-DNA level in chronic hepatitis BeAg negative patients. Patients and methods: This study carried on 50 HBV-DNA positive naïve CHB patients. All the studied patients wereHBeAg negative. HBV DNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and serum HBsAg was quantified by electrochemiluminescence assay (Roche Diagnostic). Liver biopsy done to all patients in this study for histopathological grading and staging of hepatic fibrosis by experienced pathologist using METAVER scoring. Results: A significant correlation between serum HBsAg quantitation level and HBV DNA levels was revealed in all studied HBeAg negative patients (r =0.748, P= <0.001). A significant correlation between serum HBsAg level and fibrosis (r=0.334, P= 0.018). While, there is no significant correlation between serum HBsAg quantitation level and activity by Metaver scoring in all studied patients (P >0.05). Conclusion: All the studied patients were tested for assess correlation between HBsAg quantitation, HBV-DNA level and histo-pathology grading and staging. There is strong positive correlation between HBsAg quantation level and HBV-DNA and between HBsAg quantation level and stages of fibrosis.  No correlation between HBV DNA levels and histopathology.  }, keywords = {HBsAg quantitation,Liver Biopsy,HBV DNA levels}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17848.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17848_475c03d94b499b2537457b2afea5da3c.pdf} } @article { author = {Nouh, Mohamed and El Sebaey, Hatem and Sobh, Rania}, title = {Diagnostic Use of Serum Ferritin Levels to Differentiate Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {281-287}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17849}, abstract = {Background and study aim: Fever of unknown origin (FUO) constitutes one of the greatest challenges of clinical practice. It's defined as fever more than three weeks with fever above 38.3ºC on several occasions which remains undiagnosed after 3 days of investigations in the hospital or after three outpatient visits. Measurement of ferritin in serum is unfortunately an underutilized diagnostic test in patients with FUO. Highly elevated serum ferritin levels in patients with FUO should prompt further testing to arrive at a specific diagnosis.The aim of this study is to verify the role of serum ferritin levels in differentiation between fever of  unknown origin (FUO) caused by infectious and noninfectious diseases. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients with FUO were hospitalized at Menouf Fever Hospital between July 2013 and June 2014, and 20 volunteers of matched age and gender as a control group. According to the final diagnoses, four causes were identified, including infectious diseases, malignant diseases, collagen diseases and miscellaneous diseases. Laboratory tests, radiological examination and invasive procedures as bone marrow biopsy and lymph node biopsy were done according to cases. Serum ferritin was measured by Human Ferritin ELISA Kit. Results: Of the 40 patients, 20 were caused by infectious diseases, 10 were caused by malignant diseases, 7 were caused by collagen diseases and 3 by miscellaneous diseases (two cases of FMF and one case of drug fever). Serum ferritin levels in infectious diseases was lower than that in noninfectious diseases,where it was 457.6 ng/mL (±248.01) for the  infectious disease group and1241.5ng/mL (±1163.80) forthe noninfectious diseases group. Statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: An optimal cutoff value of serum ferritin level >555 ng/mL can predict FUO caused by a noninfectious disease.  }, keywords = {Fever of unknown origin,serum ferritin}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17849.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17849_358de7ac3c77d96f4db0c60176ba5f41.pdf} } @article { author = {Nouh, Mohamed and Anees, Sawsan and El-Lehleh, Ayman and Radwan, Wafaa and El-Hamoly, Moamena}, title = {Diagnostic Value of Serum Angiopoietin-2 in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {288-296}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17850}, abstract = {Background and study aim: Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) is a hypervascular tumor and its progression is known to be closely related to angiogenesis. Angio-poietin-2 (Ang-2) is one of the angiogenic factors that may have a diagnostic value in HCC. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) serum levels are used for screening for HCC with limited success. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic value in using angio-poietin-2 as a serum marker in HCC patients. Patients and Methods: 50 patients with HCC (G1), 20 patients with liver cirrhosis (G2), and 20 healthy control persons (G3) were included in this study. Serum AFP and Ang-2 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum Ang-2 levels in the HCC group (1523.54±886.46 pg/ml) was  highly significantly  elevated as compared to those with cirrhotic liver (222.55±153.60 pg/ml) and controls (138.35±54.09 pg/ml). The Ang-2 levels were significantly different between patients with liver cirrhosis and controls. In HCC patients, the serum Ang-2  levels in patients with portal vein (PV) thrombosis (n=7, 2164.0±960.85 pg/ml) and with large HCC (>5cm in diameter) (n=17, 2017.70±903.06 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those without PV thrombosis (n=43, 1274.47±727.56 pg/ml) and with small HCC (≤5cm in diameter) (n=33, 1268.97±773.93 pg/ml), while the serum AFP levels in patients with portal vein (PV) thrombosis (961.05±1007.70 ng/ml) and with large HCC (>5cm in diameter) (1000.81±1079.57 ng/ml) were not significantly higher than those without PV thrombosis (500.24±733.07 ng/ml) and with small HCC (437.87±611.02 ng/ml). Conclusion: Combined measurement of serum AFP and Ang-2 significantly increases the sensitivity and specificity of HCC detection rather than using of AFP or Ang-2 separately.}, keywords = {Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP),Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2),Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17850.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17850_6769e26833d67651eae756473c17e6d8.pdf} } @article { author = {Elkhashab, Mohamed and Refaey, Mohamed and Radwan, Mohamed and Pasha, Heba and Ebian, Hoda and Makhlouf, Rodalia and Ibrahim, Mohamed}, title = {Association between Cyclin D1 G870A Polymorphism and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among Egyptian Population}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {297-304}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17851}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Cyclin is a regulatory protein in cell cycle encoded by CCND1 gene, it has a role in transition of cell cycle from G1 phase to S phase. A common polymorphism is in the exon of splicing donor region G to A polymorphism (G 870A) of cyclin D1 result in two types of mRNA, cycline D1a and D1b. Both may cause disturbance and uncontrolled growth of the cells which may lead to high susceptibility of certain tumor development. This polymorphism could be detected by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) assay. Our present study was performed to demonstrate the association between G870A polymorphism in (CND1) gene and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among the Egyptian population. Patients and methods: The present study was consisting of 180 peripheral blood samples from 90 subjects diagnosed with HCV without HCC, 90 subjects diagnosed with HCV and HCC and 90 individual cancer free controls matched on age, gender, smoking and DM status.   Results: Our results determined the high frequency of the alleles in the patients  (G, 40.6% and A, 30.0%). Our results determined also the frequencies of the case subjects compared to control subjects (59.4% versus 13.3%) and P value <0.001, also analysis of CCND1 870 gene polymorphism revealed that genotype AA and GA were significantly, more frequent in patients with HCC compared with GG genotypes as a reference among the Egyptian population as we found the odds ratios (ORS) for GA, AA and GG respectively were GG 2.27 (1.1-4.2) P= 0.02, AA 6.82 (1.51-7.8) P= 0.004 and GG OR 1.00 with confidence interval CI: 95%. Conclusion: Our study results demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphism of CCND1 G870A among the Egyptian population is associated with increased risk of HCC.}, keywords = {Cyclin,HCC,Polymorphism,CCND1 G870A}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17851.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17851_0f50d7abf1b156e3a455db12fddae6b3.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Nemr, Sahar and Galal, Sherief and Atia, Hesham and Abo-Elmagd, Yousry}, title = {SLC11A1 : Gene Polymorphism and Progression of Fibrosis in Hepatitis C}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {305-310}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17852}, abstract = {Background and study aim : Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is typically characterized by slowly progressive hepatic fibrosis. However, it is recognized that some patients do not progress while others rapidly develop significant fibrosis. Immune response mechanism in the control of viral replication and persistence in HCV induced liver disease has been well documented. Solute carrier 11a1 (SLC11A1) plays an immunomodulatory role in influencing macrophage activation status and the T helper 1/T helper 2 biases. It modulates the susceptibility to infectious/autoimmune diseases. The study aimed to: Analyze the possible involvement of polymorphism in the promoter regions of the SLC11A1 gene in the susceptibility for chronic hepatitis C infection and the progression of fibrosis in these patients. Patients and methods: This study included 138 subjects. They were classified into 2 groups: Group I that included 69 matched apparently healthy persons and Group II that included 69 chronic hepatitis C patients (Child A) and was divided into 2 subgroups: Group (IIA): It included 35 chronic hepatitis C patients without fibrosis and Group (IIB): It included 34 chronic hepatitis C patients with fibrosis. All individuals were subjected to: Full history taking, complete physical and clinical examination, abdominal ultrasound, fibroscan, routine laboratory investigations, viral markers and determination of SLC11A1 promoter gene polymorphism. Results: The present study demonstrated that no statistically significant difference was observed in the distribution of SLC11A1 genotype frequencies among patient and control groups, suggested absence of association between the presence of the polymorphism and the prevalence of disease. Moreover, chronic hepatitis C patients who had SLC11A1 2/2 genotype were significantly at decreased risk to develop fibrosis 0.2 times than those who had 3/3 genotype [OR:0.2, CI:(0.52-0.79)] suggesting that the 2/2 genotype is associated with an decreased susceptibility to develop fibrosis. Conclusion and recommendations: SLC11A1 gene promoter polymorphism could influence fibrosis progression in chronic hepatitis C in that the homozygous genotype 2/2 exerts a protective effect against cirrhosis development. Gene therapy may have an important role in the treatment and prognosis of HCV infection which need further studies.}, keywords = {Chronic hepatitis C virus,Solute carrier 11a1 (SLC11A1),Gene polymorphism}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17852.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17852_0209ef09fcb1836650048b104452fcac.pdf} } @article { author = {Attia, Tarek and Saeed, Maysaa}, title = {Septic Shock in Pediatrics}, journal = {Afro-Egyptian Journal of Infectious and Endemic Diseases}, volume = {5}, number = {4}, pages = {311-316}, year = {2015}, publisher = {Zagazig University, Faculty of Medicine, Endemic and Tropical Medicine Department}, issn = {2090-7613}, eissn = {2090-7184}, doi = {10.21608/aeji.2015.17853}, abstract = {Sepsis is defined as a clinical syndrome that complicates severe infection and is associated with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome as well as immune dysregulation. Circulatory decompensation and end-organ dysfunction will be the ultimate end if sepsis is not properly managed. In this syndrome, tissues remote from the original insult display the cardinal signs of inflammation, including vasodilation, increased microvascular permeability and leukocyte accumulation. Recently pediatric mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock has markedly decreased because of early recognition, aggressive fluid therapy and early administration of vasoactive agents in addition to antibiotics. }, keywords = {}, url = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17853.html}, eprint = {https://aeji.journals.ekb.eg/article_17853_c4364a1ced01003f614546da9cbf45f9.pdf} }